Nuclear Physicist, candidate of technical science, laureate of the USSR State Prize ... So one can briefly answer the question, who is Batory Kishmakhov. Even his relatives did not know many details about him for a long time, because a significant part of what he was doing was a big secret. On his birthday, the WAC web information portal tells about him.
Georgy Chekalov
Kishmakhov Batory - a native of a noble Abaza family. His great-great-grandfather, Batko, served in the tsarist army as a military foreman - he was considered to be a lieutenant colonel. He died as a result of a conspiracy of the staff officers of the tsarist troops of the right wing of the Caucasian Army in Prnochnookopsk in the mid-19th century, says the candidate of historical sciences Magomet Hadzhi-Bekirovich Kishmakhov, the author of the book "Descendants of Bata Berzek", in which he describes the history of his own family, tells.
Orphan of noble origin
Representatives and subsequent generations of the genus played a prominent role in the life of society at that time. The three great-grandsons of Batko, Shakhim Mussovich, Magomet Mussovich and Aslambek Zulkarneevich, occupied important posts, first in Karachay-Cherkess, and then in Cherkess autonomous region at the dawn of Soviet power. The first was the head of the Batalpashy Criminal Investigation Department, the second was the editor of the newspaper in Circassian language "Cherkes plizh" ("Red Circassia"), the third was an instructor of the Khabezskiy District Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks. Although, in the 30s they all became victims of repression.
"Batory’s father, Shakhim Mussovich, was an educated man, graduated from the Stavropol gymnasium in 1910, and had a law degree, continues Magomet Kishmakhov. - After the revolution, he led the sole household on the allotment allocated to him by the government. In 1923 he was appointed head of the labor department of the KChAR, and from 1924 to 1926 he headed the criminal investigation department of Batalpashinsk.
Shakhim Kishmakhov had to leave the CID after several responsible Soviet workers were killed as a result of inter-clan power struggles. A new place of his work was the United Consumer Society in Dudarukovsky village, where he was elected chairman with the duties of a cashier.
On December 24, 1929, Shakhim Kishmakhov was arrested on suspicion of agitating the population against Soviet power. But the facts were not confirmed, and after three months he was released. However, in January 1933 they arrested him again and this time he was sent to the Arkhangelsk camp for 10 years.
Batory was born between two arrests of his father - December 24, 1931. He was a little more than a year old when his mother transported him along with two sisters - eight-year-old Fatima and five-year-old Sophia - to his father's brother Mahomet in Abkhazia.
- Former editor-in-chief of the "Cherkes Plizh" newspaper and member of the bureau of the Circassian Regional Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks, Magomet M. Kishmakhov, was also persecuted after his brother’s arrest and was expelled from the party, explains Mohammed Hadzhi-Bekirovich the cause of his leave to Fraternal Republic. But ill-wishers got him in Sukhum: he was shot there as a result of a letter from Circassia in 1938.
Difficult childhood did not become an obstacle for Batory in his studies and further mastering of sciences. After graduating from Sukhum School No. 4 in 1949, he entered the Leningrad Shipbuilding Institute, continued his studies at the Gorky Polytechnic University, where in 1954 he defended a degree in engineering and physics.
Among the pioneers
The first years of application of the knowledge gained in practice at the Kaliningrad Engineering Physics Institute revealed the outstanding abilities of an engineer in Batory Kishmakhov, and he was sent to the Sukhum Physico-Technical Institute, which carried out the state order for the most important scientific developments. Batory Shakhimovich already showed talent as a scientist, designer and technologist and became one of the pioneers in the problem of creating thermionic emission converters (TEC) of energy.
In 1964, SFTI was involved in the program to create a new nuclear power plant, which involved the Kurchatov Institute of Atomic Energy, the Leningrad Central Design Bureau for Mechanical Engineering (CDBME) and the Podolsk Scientific-Research Institute of Technology (PSRIT). The heart of the installation was a small-sized nuclear reactor with built-in thermionic electricity generating channels (EGC).
In 1969, much of this work was concentrated in the PSRIT. The director of the institute and the scientific leader of the problem that year was Academician of the Academy of Sciences of Georgia, laureate of the USSR State Prize, Irakli G. Gverdtsiteli. A group of SFTI specialists is also sent here, which included Batory Kishmahov. He is appointed head of one of the organized specialized laboratories - technological one. In a short time, an original single-element EGC design was developed, which had a number of significant differences and advantages.
According to colleagues of Batory Shakhimovich, he plays a decisive role in creating a unique space installation "Yenisei". Continuous improvement of the design and production of products completing this device, has increased its reliability from 500 hours of continuous production in the early 70s to five years in the late 80s.
Many of the solutions proposed by Kishmakhov find use in new generations of TECs. These works formed the basis of his "Technology of Thermionic EGC and the Manufacture of Mirrors of High-Power Lasers" thesis, which Batory Shakhimovich defended in 1982.
Brief "for success": why did Kishmakhov deserve the State Prize?
In 1975, research on metal optics began at the Podolsk Institute. In October 1977, a special department was organized to develop this topic, the head of which is appointed Batory Kishmakhov. In 1978, Vladimir Philippovich Gordeyev became the director of the institute, who since 1980 headed this line of work.
One of the important tasks was the development of a technology for applying reflective and protective coatings on optical surfaces. For the successes achieved in the development and creation of metal optics, V.P. Gordeev, B.Sh. Kishmakhov, and two more employees of the institute - V.V. Glagolev and B.S. Gavryushenko - were awarded the State Prize of the USSR.
What was behind this phrase, what kind of academic success was rated so highly, only a few knew. The veil of this secret was slightly opened by Batory Shakhimovich himself during our only meeting with him in 1997.
- If to explain in a simple way, then the Americans had laser weapons that could drill through any target. We created a weapon that could cut any target into pieces. - Batory Shakhimovich made a cross-shaped movement with his index finger in the air, demonstrating how it would happen.
Successors
Scientific investigations and technical developments of Batory Kishmakhov were also in demand for the production of peaceful products. In just 50 years of scientific activity with his participation, more than 200 scientific papers and about 50 inventions were created, which are successfully applied in science, economics and strengthening the country's defense capability. Batory Shakhimovich was encouraged by the nominal watch of the Ministry of Medium Machine Building, two lapel badges "Inventor of the USSR", bore the title "Veteran of the nuclear industry and energy." In the last years of his life, being seriously ill, he remained a consultant to the Institute for Science.
When on April 9, 2008, Batory Kishmakhov was gone, an enormous mass of people — colleagues, students — came to take him on his last journey. "A wise and far-sighted man, faithful to his duty and his word, a survivor, has passed away. Batory Shakhimovich knew how to discern in people creative abilities and give them the opportunity to develop, help with wise advice and care for them in difficult situations. Our friend, mentor and good man is no longer with us. We will remember him" - these are the words from the speeches at the mourning rally.
Batory Kishmakhov educated dozens of young scientists and engineers. Among them is his countryman, a native of the village Psyzh, Mussa Fuadovich Malkhozov, who now lives in the Podolsk and heads one of the largest enterprises of the energy complex of the Moscow region "Raduga-Hit" LLC.
His children followed the footsteps of their father. "Daughter Darikhan is a graduate of the Moscow Engineering Physics Institute, an engineer-physicist, and worked as an engineer-translator of foreign technical scientific literature of NGO “Luch” and at “Raduga-Hit“ LLC. She died this year." Son Timur - also an engineer, graduated from Podolsk Technical College and the S.Y. Vitte Moscow State University. Of course, the wife of Batory Shakhimovich, Klavdiya Kishmakhova, who worked with him at the institute and was directly involved in many research, development and testing, played a significant role in the vocational guidance of children.
The name of Batory Kishmakhov was included in the chronicle of the association "Ray", the 2004 book "Deeds and People" (the Podolsk Scientific-Research Institute was reorganized into an NGO in 1991 - ed.). The name of the scientist is also included in the Abkhaz Biographical Dictionary of 2015 edition.
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